《马黛茶及其提取物的利胆作用和肠道推进科学研究》

《Choleretic effect and intestinal propulsion of ‘mate’

 (Ilex paraguariensis) and its substitutes or adulterants》

作者：Susana Gorzalczany , Rosana Filip等

研究单位：布宜诺斯艾利斯大学

（Universidad de Buenos Aires）

研究目的：

‘Mate’ or ‘Yerba mate’

 (Ilex paraguariensis, Aquifoliaceae)

 is a tonic and stimulant beverage 

widely used in South America.

 It is also traditionally used in gastrointestinal

 disorders as eupeptic and choleretic agent.

 Accordingly, the effect of decoctions of the

leaves of I. paraguariensis and three of its

substitutes or adulterants

 (Ilex bre6 icuspis, 

Ilex argentina and Ilex theezans) on bile flow

(BF) and intestinal propulsion were investigated.

 I. paraguariensis and I. bre6 icuspis 

induced an increase in BF, while the latter

also enhanced intestinal transit. 

马黛茶(巴拉圭冬青，冬青科)

是一种在南美洲广泛使用的滋补和刺激性茶饮。

传统上，它也被用作胃肠疾病的促肾上腺素和利胆剂。

因此，研究了马黛茶及其三种替代物或掺杂物

(短叶冬青、阿根廷冬青和塞尚冬青)的煎液

对胆汁流量(BF)和肠推进的影响。

The species of the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) are

medium-to-large trees distributed in tropical or

subtropical regions. One of the most important species of

this genus is Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire which grows

naturally in northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil

and eastern Paraguay, where it is also cultivated. The

processed product (‘mate’ or ‘yerba mate’) is a typical

beverage prepared as a hot infusion of the dried and

minced leaves. The habit of drinking mate, which has

centuries of usage and has remained unchanged, is

widely extended all over Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

and Brazil. It is also used in popular medicine and is

employed in commercial herbal preparations as

a natural medicine for arthritis, headache, constipation,

rheumatism, hemorrhoids, obesity, fatigue,

fluid retention, hypertension,

slow digestion and hepatic 

disorders among others ailments.

冬青属 (Aquifoliaceae) 

是中大型乔木分布于热带或

亚热带地区最重要的物种之一

自然生长产于阿根廷东北部、巴西南部

和巴拉圭东部，也有大面积种植。

传统的马黛茶

是会将马黛叶烘干研磨过的

喝马黛茶的习惯，

广泛分布于阿根廷、巴拉圭、乌拉圭和巴西

几个世纪以来的使用并保持不变。

它也用于大众医学，

是用作商业草药研究

来治疗关节炎、头痛、便秘的天然材料

Extensive evidences reported choleretic

and hepatoprotective activities 

of mono and dicaffeoylquinic acids

(Kiso et al., 1983; Adzet et al., 1987). 

These therapeutic activities are also 

attributed to Ilex spp. and likely could

be related to the caffeoyl ester derivatives content,

 butsuch effects have not been investigated yet.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the

choleretic activity and the effect on the intestinal

propulsion of decoctions of I. paraguariensis and its

substitutes or adulterants.

大量证据报告了单和二咖啡酰奎宁酸的

利胆和保肝活性(Kiso等人，1983；Adzet等人，1987年)。

这些治疗活性也归因于回肠属(Ilex spp)。

并且可能与咖啡酰酯衍生物的含量有关，

但是这种影响还没有被研究过。

本研究的目的是评估马黛茶及提取物的利胆活性和对肠推进的影响。

①马黛茶提取物的制备

The material, consisting of dried leaves,

 was groundto a fine powder; 

10 g of each Ilex spp. was boiled with

200 ml of water during 20 min and cooled at room

temperature down to 40–45°C. After filtration, 

extractswere lyophilized yielding 

the following weights ofaqueous crude extracts: 

1、paraguariensis, 1.25 g; 

2、bre icuspis, 1.34 g; 

3、 argentina, 0.98 g;

3、 theezans1.09 g.

这种由干树叶组成的材料被磨成细粉；

每种冬青属植物10 g。

被煮沸了在20分钟内加入200 ml水，

并在室温下冷却至40–45°c。

过滤后，将提取物冻干

得到以下重量的含水粗提取物:

1、paraguariensis,1.25g;

2、bre icuspis,1.34g;

3、argentina,0.98g;

4、theezans,1.09g.

②实验对象

Female Wistar rats (180–210 g)

and male Swiss mice were used in this study.

They were housed in standard conditions

(229 1°C, humidity 609 5%, 12 h light/dark cycle)

and fed with standard diet and tap water ad

libitum for 1 week prior to treatment.

本研究中使用了雌性Wistar大鼠(180-210g)

和雄性瑞士小鼠。

在标准条件

(22±1°C，湿度60±5%，12 h光暗循环)下饲养

研究前随意喂食标准饮食和自来水1周。

③胆汁流量计算

Control animals received

a similar volume of

saline solution 0.2 ml/100 g.

Every 30 min after decoctions

DHC or saline injection and during 120 min,

variation of basal

BF for each animal was calculated

using the following

formula: (BF−Basal BF)/basal BF×100=%BF.

对照组动物接受相似体积的

0.2 ml/100 g盐水溶液。

煎药、DHC或盐水注射后每30 min，

以及在120 min期间，

使用以下公式计算每只动物的基础BF变化:

(BF-基础BF)/基础BF ×100 =%BF。

④胆汁酸计算

The concentrations of bile acids

were measured before and after

test substances administration.

Themethod of Carducci et al. (1985)

 was followed forquantitative

determination of bile acids by HPLC.

在试验物质给药前后测量胆汁酸浓度。

遵循Carducci等人(1985年)的方法，

通过HPLC定量测定胆汁酸。

⑤肠道转运计算

Mice were fasted for 24 h before use

with access only to tap water.

Animals were given orally 0.3 ml of an

aqueous suspension of 10% charcoal in

1% carboxymethylcellulose (Wong and Wai, 1981).

Twentyminutes later, mice were killed by cervical dislocation,

and the stomach and intestines excised

from the gastroesophageal junction to the ileocecal junction.

The distance the charcoal had traveled from the pylorus was

measured, and expressed as the percentage of the total

length of the small intestine from the gastropyloric

junction to the ileocecal junction (intestinal transit).

For studying the effects of Ilex spp.

on intestinal transit,decoctions were administered

orally at a dose of 250 mg/kg, 30 min before charcoal.

使用前，小鼠禁食24 h，只能使用自来水。

向动物口服0.3 ml的10%

木炭溶于1%羧甲基纤维素的水悬浮液

(Wong and Wai，1981)。

20分钟后，通过颈椎脱位处死小鼠，

并从气-食管连接处至回盲部切除胃和肠。

测量了炭从幽门行进的距离，

并以小肠从胃窦连接处到回盲肠

连接处的总长度的百分比表示(肠道转运)。

用于研究冬青属植物的作用。

在肠转运时，在炭前30分钟，

以250毫克/千克的剂量口服给予煎煮液。 

 The effect of intravenously administered

decoctions of I. paraguariensis, I. bre6 icuspis

and DHC on the BF are shown in

Fig. 1. DHC at 20 mg/kg induced a marked

stimulation of BF within the first 30 min (+55%),

however, this effect was short acting and 

decreased in the following 30 min.

Control rats presented a slight

regular decrease in BF level during the whole experiment.

Significant dose-dependent increase in BF

were obtained when decoctions of I. paraguariensis

were administered i.v. at doses of 125,

250 and 500 mg/kg (data not shown).

Taking into account that some of rats

presented cardiac troubles with the higher dose

the 250mg/kg dose was selected in order to perform

a comparative study with the rest of the Ilex spp.

The increase in the BF produced by I. paraguariensis

at 250 mg/kg i.v. was significant since 60 min (18%)

after administration and persists during 120 min.

I. bre6 icuspis (250 mg/kg i.v.) also produced a significant

increase of BF (38%),but this effect was evident in the

first 30-min period and then decreased to control values.

The time-dependent choleretic effect of I. paraguariensis

and I. bre6 icuspis has a different profile.

However, there was no difference between

the percentage of BF increase

accumulated at 120 min (61% and 57%)

Both species also showed choleretic effect

when they were administered

静脉注射巴拉圭茶、短叶茶和

DHC茶的煎液对BF的影响。

20 mg/kg剂量的DHC在

最初30 min内对BF产生显著刺激(+55%)

但这种效应是短效的，并在随后的30 min内减弱。

在整个实验过程中，

对照组大鼠的BF水平有规律地轻微下降。

当以125、250和500 mg/kg的剂量

静脉注射巴拉圭乳杆菌的煎液时，

BF出现了显著的剂量依赖性增加(数据未显示)。

考虑到部分大鼠出现较高剂量的心脏问题，

选择250 mg/kg剂量，

以便与其余回肠属(Ilex spp)进行比较研究。

在250 mg/kg i.v .剂量下，

巴拉圭乳杆菌产生的BF

自给药60 min后显著增加(18%)，

并持续120 min。

也导致BF显著增加(38%)

但这种影响在前30分钟内很明显，

然后下降至对照值。

巴拉圭乳杆菌和短叶乳杆菌的时间依赖性

利胆作用具有不同的特征。

同时在两种药物给药时也表现出利胆作用

According to the results obtained with

the four species of Ilex studied

I. paraguariensis and I. bre6 icuspis

showed choleretic activity although

with dissimilar patterns:

the choleretic activity of I. paraguariensis was

slow, gradual and sustained, while that of I. bre6 icuspis

is rapid, reaches a maximum and decreases rapidly.

Among the species studied, only I. bre6 icuspis was

found to induce an increase in intestinal transit.

This preliminary finding on choleretic activity and

the antioxidant effect previously reported

(Gugliucci,1996), lend support to

the use of I. paraguariensis in

popular medicine as a digestive 

or hepatoprotective agent.

However, it should be noted that this effect

would be modified by the presence of other Ilex spp.

In the commercial preparations of ‘mate’.

Further studiesare necessary to elucidate

other possible differences among these species.

根据研究的四种冬青属获得的结果

paraguariensis 和 bre icuspis 

表现出利胆活动，但模式不同：

paraguariensis的利胆活动缓慢、渐进和持续，

bre6 icuspisis 的利胆活动迅速，

达到最大值并迅速下降。

在研究的物种中，

bre6 icuspis 被发现诱导肠道转运增加。

这一关于利胆活性和抗氧化作用

初步发现先前报道（Gugliucci，1996 年），

根据实验结果可知

马黛茶作为消化或肝脏保护药材。

为马黛茶在流行药物中用作

消化或肝保护剂提供了研究支持。

在马黛茶的实际应用中，

提供重要的研究价值。